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Name	Size	Permission
__pycache__	[ DIR ]	drwxrwxrwx
audiodata	[ DIR ]	drwxrwxrwx
capath	[ DIR ]	drwxrwxrwx
cjkencodings	[ DIR ]	drwxrwxrwx
crashers	[ DIR ]	drwxrwxrwx
data	[ DIR ]	drwxrwxrwx
decimaltestdata	[ DIR ]	drwxrwxrwx
dtracedata	[ DIR ]	drwxrwxrwx
encoded_modules	[ DIR ]	drwxrwxrwx
imghdrdata	[ DIR ]	drwxrwxrwx
leakers	[ DIR ]	drwxrwxrwx
libregrtest	[ DIR ]	drwxrwxrwx
sndhdrdata	[ DIR ]	drwxrwxrwx
subprocessdata	[ DIR ]	drwxrwxrwx
support	[ DIR ]	drwxrwxrwx
test_asyncio	[ DIR ]	drwxrwxrwx
test_email	[ DIR ]	drwxrwxrwx
test_import	[ DIR ]	drwxrwxrwx
test_importlib	[ DIR ]	drwxrwxrwx
test_json	[ DIR ]	drwxrwxrwx
test_peg_generator	[ DIR ]	drwxrwxrwx
test_tools	[ DIR ]	drwxrwxrwx
test_warnings	[ DIR ]	drwxrwxrwx
test_zoneinfo	[ DIR ]	drwxrwxrwx
tracedmodules	[ DIR ]	drwxrwxrwx
xmltestdata	[ DIR ]	drwxrwxrwx
ziptestdata	[ DIR ]	drwxrwxrwx
Sine-1000Hz-300ms.aif	60.25 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
__init__.py	48 B	-rw-rw-rw-
__main__.py	43 B	-rw-rw-rw-
_test_atexit.py	3.75 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
_test_eintr.py	18.17 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
_test_embed_set_config.py	8.81 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
_test_multiprocessing.py	199.1 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
_typed_dict_helper.py	512 B	-rw-rw-rw-
allsans.pem	10.03 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
ann_module.py	1.15 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
ann_module2.py	555 B	-rw-rw-rw-
ann_module3.py	466 B	-rw-rw-rw-
ann_module4.py	86 B	-rw-rw-rw-
ann_module5.py	212 B	-rw-rw-rw-
ann_module6.py	145 B	-rw-rw-rw-
ann_module7.py	306 B	-rw-rw-rw-
audiotest.au	27.48 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
audiotests.py	12.46 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
audit-tests.py	11.09 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
autotest.py	214 B	-rw-rw-rw-
bad_coding.py	25 B	-rw-rw-rw-
bad_coding2.py	32 B	-rw-rw-rw-
bad_getattr.py	65 B	-rw-rw-rw-
bad_getattr2.py	84 B	-rw-rw-rw-
bad_getattr3.py	144 B	-rw-rw-rw-
badcert.pem	1.92 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
badkey.pem	2.15 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
badsyntax_3131.py	34 B	-rw-rw-rw-
badsyntax_future10.py	98 B	-rw-rw-rw-
badsyntax_future3.py	182 B	-rw-rw-rw-
badsyntax_future4.py	163 B	-rw-rw-rw-
badsyntax_future5.py	196 B	-rw-rw-rw-
badsyntax_future6.py	171 B	-rw-rw-rw-
badsyntax_future7.py	207 B	-rw-rw-rw-
badsyntax_future8.py	132 B	-rw-rw-rw-
badsyntax_future9.py	152 B	-rw-rw-rw-
badsyntax_pep3120.py	15 B	-rw-rw-rw-
bisect_cmd.py	5.39 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
cfgparser.1	70 B	-rw-rw-rw-
cfgparser.2	19.54 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
cfgparser.3	1.62 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
clinic.test	97.34 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
cmath_testcases.txt	143.5 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
coding20731.py	22 B	-rw-rw-rw-
curses_tests.py	1.26 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
dataclass_module_1.py	869 B	-rw-rw-rw-
dataclass_module_1_str.py	867 B	-rw-rw-rw-
dataclass_module_2.py	788 B	-rw-rw-rw-
dataclass_module_2_str.py	786 B	-rw-rw-rw-
dataclass_textanno.py	138 B	-rw-rw-rw-
datetimetester.py	251.38 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
dis_module.py	81 B	-rw-rw-rw-
doctest_aliases.py	253 B	-rw-rw-rw-
doctest_lineno.py	964 B	-rw-rw-rw-
double_const.py	1.21 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
empty.vbs	70 B	-rw-rw-rw-
exception_hierarchy.txt	1.87 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
ffdh3072.pem	2.2 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
final_a.py	430 B	-rw-rw-rw-
final_b.py	430 B	-rw-rw-rw-
floating_points.txt	16.92 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
fork_wait.py	2.31 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
formatfloat_testcases.txt	7.8 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
future_test1.py	240 B	-rw-rw-rw-
future_test2.py	159 B	-rw-rw-rw-
gdb_sample.py	165 B	-rw-rw-rw-
good_getattr.py	209 B	-rw-rw-rw-
idnsans.pem	9.88 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
ieee754.txt	3.39 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
imp_dummy.py	66 B	-rw-rw-rw-
inspect_fodder.py	1.99 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
inspect_fodder2.py	3.64 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
inspect_stock_annotations.py	537 B	-rw-rw-rw-
inspect_stringized_annotations...	646 B	-rw-rw-rw-
inspect_stringized_annotations...	63 B	-rw-rw-rw-
keycert.passwd.pem	4.19 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
keycert.pem	4.03 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
keycert2.pem	4.05 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
keycert3.pem	9.39 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
keycert4.pem	9.4 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
keycertecc.pem	5.61 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
list_tests.py	17.2 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
lock_tests.py	31.14 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
mailcap.txt	1.28 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
make_ssl_certs.py	9.55 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
mapping_tests.py	22.49 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
math_testcases.txt	23.8 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
memory_watchdog.py	887 B	-rw-rw-rw-
mime.types	48.78 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
mock_socket.py	3.86 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
mod_generics_cache.py	1.18 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
mp_fork_bomb.py	466 B	-rw-rw-rw-
mp_preload.py	369 B	-rw-rw-rw-
multibytecodec_support.py	14.56 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
nokia.pem	1.91 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
nosan.pem	7.67 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
nullbytecert.pem	5.4 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
nullcert.pem	0 B	-rw-rw-rw-
pickletester.py	142.98 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
profilee.py	3.08 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
pstats.pck	65.05 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
pycacert.pem	5.63 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
pycakey.pem	2.46 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
pyclbr_input.py	681 B	-rw-rw-rw-
pydoc_mod.py	1010 B	-rw-rw-rw-
pydocfodder.py	6.39 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
pythoninfo.py	24.41 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
randv2_32.pck	7.34 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
randv2_64.pck	7.19 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
randv3.pck	7.82 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
re_tests.py	26.48 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
recursion.tar	516 B	-rw-rw-rw-
regrtest.py	1.31 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
relimport.py	28 B	-rw-rw-rw-
reperf.py	561 B	-rw-rw-rw-
revocation.crl	814 B	-rw-rw-rw-
sample_doctest.py	1.09 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
sample_doctest_no_docstrings.p...	239 B	-rw-rw-rw-
sample_doctest_no_doctests.py	284 B	-rw-rw-rw-
secp384r1.pem	263 B	-rw-rw-rw-
selfsigned_pythontestdotnet.pe...	2.11 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
seq_tests.py	15.29 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
sgml_input.html	8.31 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
signalinterproctester.py	2.82 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
sortperf.py	4.86 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
ssl_cert.pem	1.56 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
ssl_key.passwd.pem	2.63 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
ssl_key.pem	2.47 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
ssl_servers.py	7.31 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
ssltests.py	1.06 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
string_tests.py	69.47 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
talos-2019-0758.pem	1.32 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test___all__.py	4.66 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test___future__.py	2.42 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test__locale.py	8.02 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test__opcode.py	3.11 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test__osx_support.py	13.96 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test__xxsubinterpreters.py	81.21 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_abc.py	23.85 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_abstract_numbers.py	1.54 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_aifc.py	18.2 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_argparse.py	185.85 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_array.py	56.79 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_asdl_parser.py	4.57 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_ast.py	107.34 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_asyncgen.py	48.43 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_asynchat.py	9.68 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_asyncore.py	26.95 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_atexit.py	3.25 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_audioop.py	28.79 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_audit.py	5.56 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_augassign.py	8 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_base64.py	35.28 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_baseexception.py	7.05 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_bdb.py	44.64 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_bigaddrspace.py	2.93 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_bigmem.py	46.01 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_binascii.py	19.72 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_binhex.py	2.17 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_binop.py	14.57 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_bisect.py	16.09 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_bool.py	12.89 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_buffer.py	164.64 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_bufio.py	2.65 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_builtin.py	87.93 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_bytes.py	78.01 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_bz2.py	38.22 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_c_locale_coercion.py	19.35 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_calendar.py	51.76 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_call.py	26.95 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_capi.py	41.78 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_cgi.py	22.89 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_cgitb.py	2.61 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_charmapcodec.py	1.83 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_check_c_globals.py	773 B	-rw-rw-rw-
test_class.py	18.07 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_clinic.py	22.35 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_cmath.py	24.71 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_cmd.py	6.34 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_cmd_line.py	36.79 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_cmd_line_script.py	33.44 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_code.py	13.11 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_code_module.py	5.69 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_codeccallbacks.py	48.64 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_codecencodings_cn.py	3.95 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_codecencodings_hk.py	723 B	-rw-rw-rw-
test_codecencodings_iso2022.py	1.4 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_codecencodings_jp.py	4.92 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_codecencodings_kr.py	3.02 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_codecencodings_tw.py	703 B	-rw-rw-rw-
test_codecmaps_cn.py	772 B	-rw-rw-rw-
test_codecmaps_hk.py	401 B	-rw-rw-rw-
test_codecmaps_jp.py	1.76 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_codecmaps_kr.py	1.2 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_codecmaps_tw.py	732 B	-rw-rw-rw-
test_codecs.py	136.49 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_codeop.py	8.65 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_collections.py	94.1 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_colorsys.py	3.93 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_compare.py	3.85 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_compile.py	45.9 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_compileall.py	47.1 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_complex.py	33.54 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_concurrent_futures.py	57.2 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_configparser.py	87.49 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_contains.py	3.46 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_context.py	31.7 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_contextlib.py	36.33 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_contextlib_async.py	19.36 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_copy.py	27.28 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_copyreg.py	4.52 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_coroutines.py	65.27 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_cprofile.py	6.45 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_crashers.py	1.21 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_crypt.py	4.25 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_csv.py	52.95 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_ctypes.py	209 B	-rw-rw-rw-
test_curses.py	47.87 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_dataclasses.py	129.65 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_datetime.py	2.37 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_dbm.py	6.3 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_dbm_dumb.py	10.97 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_dbm_gnu.py	6.68 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_dbm_ndbm.py	5.24 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_decimal.py	214.93 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_decorators.py	14.87 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_defaultdict.py	6.31 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_deque.py	34.67 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_descr.py	198.27 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_descrtut.py	12.03 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_devpoll.py	4.58 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_dict.py	52.3 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_dict_version.py	6.28 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_dictcomps.py	5.28 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_dictviews.py	13.81 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_difflib.py	22.02 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_difflib_expect.html	101.36 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_dis.py	57.74 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_distutils.py	615 B	-rw-rw-rw-
test_doctest.py	104.21 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_doctest.txt	317 B	-rw-rw-rw-
test_doctest2.py	2.48 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_doctest2.txt	406 B	-rw-rw-rw-
test_doctest3.txt	87 B	-rw-rw-rw-
test_doctest4.txt	255 B	-rw-rw-rw-
test_docxmlrpc.py	8.88 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_dtrace.py	5.31 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_dynamic.py	4.43 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_dynamicclassattribute.py	9.86 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_eintr.py	604 B	-rw-rw-rw-
test_embed.py	57.38 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_ensurepip.py	12.55 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_enum.py	124.47 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_enumerate.py	8.74 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_eof.py	3.1 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_epoll.py	9.39 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_errno.py	1.08 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_exception_hierarchy.py	7.63 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_exception_variations.py	4.03 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_exceptions.py	93.28 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_extcall.py	14.57 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_faulthandler.py	30.98 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_fcntl.py	7.64 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_file.py	12.12 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_file_eintr.py	10.86 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_filecmp.py	10.57 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_fileinput.py	40.5 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_fileio.py	20.53 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_finalization.py	15.18 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_float.py	67.75 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_flufl.py	1.59 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_fnmatch.py	11.38 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_fork1.py	3.34 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_format.py	24.42 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_fractions.py	30.41 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_frame.py	6.44 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_frozen.py	972 B	-rw-rw-rw-
test_fstring.py	53.85 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_ftplib.py	43.12 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_funcattrs.py	15.29 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_functools.py	105.51 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_future.py	15.27 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_future3.py	516 B	-rw-rw-rw-
test_future4.py	233 B	-rw-rw-rw-
test_future5.py	531 B	-rw-rw-rw-
test_gc.py	47.3 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_gdb.py	42.7 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_generator_stop.py	977 B	-rw-rw-rw-
test_generators.py	66.11 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_genericalias.py	13.1 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_genericclass.py	9.56 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_genericpath.py	22.4 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_genexps.py	7.92 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_getargs2.py	55.19 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_getopt.py	6.96 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_getpass.py	6.45 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_gettext.py	42.36 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_glob.py	15.72 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_global.py	1.44 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_grammar.py	64.47 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_graphlib.py	8.59 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_grp.py	3.65 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_gzip.py	31.45 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_hash.py	11.79 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_hashlib.py	45.59 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_heapq.py	16.91 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_hmac.py	26.05 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_html.py	4.33 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_htmlparser.py	33.7 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_http_cookiejar.py	80.28 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_http_cookies.py	19.18 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_httplib.py	81.2 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_httpservers.py	54.65 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_idle.py	1.02 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_imaplib.py	43.19 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_imghdr.py	4.83 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_imp.py	18.38 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_index.py	8.64 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_inspect.py	175.5 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_int.py	21.27 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_int_literal.py	7.03 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_interpreters.py	23.21 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_io.py	175.17 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_ioctl.py	3.33 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_ipaddress.py	119.32 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_isinstance.py	13.31 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_iter.py	33.93 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_iterlen.py	7.32 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_itertools.py	108.41 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_keyword.py	1.27 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_keywordonlyarg.py	7.07 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_kqueue.py	9.01 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_largefile.py	10.26 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_lib2to3.py	327 B	-rw-rw-rw-
test_linecache.py	9.92 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_list.py	7.76 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_listcomps.py	4.33 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_lltrace.py	3.22 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_locale.py	25.29 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_logging.py	200.75 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_long.py	55.19 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_longexp.py	243 B	-rw-rw-rw-
test_lzma.py	90.07 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_mailbox.py	94.04 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_mailcap.py	10.25 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_marshal.py	21.04 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_math.py	92.69 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_memoryio.py	32.33 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_memoryview.py	22.01 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_metaclass.py	6.47 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_mimetypes.py	14.17 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_minidom.py	69.82 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_mmap.py	31.71 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_module.py	12.71 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_modulefinder.py	12.63 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_msilib.py	5.57 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_multibytecodec.py	16.15 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_multiprocessing_fork.py	496 B	-rw-rw-rw-
test_multiprocessing_forkserve...	408 B	-rw-rw-rw-
test_multiprocessing_main_hand...	11.86 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_multiprocessing_spawn.py	289 B	-rw-rw-rw-
test_named_expressions.py	21.21 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_netrc.py	6.17 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
test_nis.py	1.21 KB	-rw-rw-rw-
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Code Editor : test_fstring.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# There are tests here with unicode string literals and
# identifiers. There's a code in ast.c that was added because of a
# failure with a non-ascii-only expression.  So, I have tests for
# that.  There are workarounds that would let me run tests for that
# code without unicode identifiers and strings, but just using them
# directly seems like the easiest and therefore safest thing to do.
# Unicode identifiers in tests is allowed by PEP 3131.

import ast
import os
import re
import types
import decimal
import unittest
from test.support.os_helper import temp_cwd
from test.support.script_helper import assert_python_failure

a_global = 'global variable'

# You could argue that I'm too strict in looking for specific error
#  values with assertRaisesRegex, but without it it's way too easy to
#  make a syntax error in the test strings. Especially with all of the
#  triple quotes, raw strings, backslashes, etc. I think it's a
#  worthwhile tradeoff. When I switched to this method, I found many
#  examples where I wasn't testing what I thought I was.

class TestCase(unittest.TestCase):
    def assertAllRaise(self, exception_type, regex, error_strings):
        for str in error_strings:
            with self.subTest(str=str):
                with self.assertRaisesRegex(exception_type, regex):
                    eval(str)

def test__format__lookup(self):
        # Make sure __format__ is looked up on the type, not the instance.
        class X:
            def __format__(self, spec):
                return 'class'

x = X()

# Add a bound __format__ method to the 'y' instance, but not
        #  the 'x' instance.
        y = X()
        y.__format__ = types.MethodType(lambda self, spec: 'instance', y)

self.assertEqual(f'{y}', format(y))
        self.assertEqual(f'{y}', 'class')
        self.assertEqual(format(x), format(y))

# __format__ is not called this way, but still make sure it
        #  returns what we expect (so we can make sure we're bypassing
        #  it).
        self.assertEqual(x.__format__(''), 'class')
        self.assertEqual(y.__format__(''), 'instance')

# This is how __format__ is actually called.
        self.assertEqual(type(x).__format__(x, ''), 'class')
        self.assertEqual(type(y).__format__(y, ''), 'class')

def test_ast(self):
        # Inspired by http://bugs.python.org/issue24975
        class X:
            def __init__(self):
                self.called = False
            def __call__(self):
                self.called = True
                return 4
        x = X()
        expr = """
a = 10
f'{a * x()}'"""
        t = ast.parse(expr)
        c = compile(t, '', 'exec')

# Make sure x was not called.
        self.assertFalse(x.called)

# Actually run the code.
        exec(c)

# Make sure x was called.
        self.assertTrue(x.called)

def test_ast_line_numbers(self):
        expr = """
a = 10
f'{a * x()}'"""
        t = ast.parse(expr)
        self.assertEqual(type(t), ast.Module)
        self.assertEqual(len(t.body), 2)
        # check `a = 10`
        self.assertEqual(type(t.body[0]), ast.Assign)
        self.assertEqual(t.body[0].lineno, 2)
        # check `f'...'`
        self.assertEqual(type(t.body[1]), ast.Expr)
        self.assertEqual(type(t.body[1].value), ast.JoinedStr)
        self.assertEqual(len(t.body[1].value.values), 1)
        self.assertEqual(type(t.body[1].value.values[0]), ast.FormattedValue)
        self.assertEqual(t.body[1].lineno, 3)
        self.assertEqual(t.body[1].value.lineno, 3)
        self.assertEqual(t.body[1].value.values[0].lineno, 3)
        # check the binop location
        binop = t.body[1].value.values[0].value
        self.assertEqual(type(binop), ast.BinOp)
        self.assertEqual(type(binop.left), ast.Name)
        self.assertEqual(type(binop.op), ast.Mult)
        self.assertEqual(type(binop.right), ast.Call)
        self.assertEqual(binop.lineno, 3)
        self.assertEqual(binop.left.lineno, 3)
        self.assertEqual(binop.right.lineno, 3)
        self.assertEqual(binop.col_offset, 3)
        self.assertEqual(binop.left.col_offset, 3)
        self.assertEqual(binop.right.col_offset, 7)

def test_ast_line_numbers_multiple_formattedvalues(self):
        expr = """
f'no formatted values'
f'eggs {a * x()} spam {b + y()}'"""
        t = ast.parse(expr)
        self.assertEqual(type(t), ast.Module)
        self.assertEqual(len(t.body), 2)
        # check `f'no formatted value'`
        self.assertEqual(type(t.body[0]), ast.Expr)
        self.assertEqual(type(t.body[0].value), ast.JoinedStr)
        self.assertEqual(t.body[0].lineno, 2)
        # check `f'...'`
        self.assertEqual(type(t.body[1]), ast.Expr)
        self.assertEqual(type(t.body[1].value), ast.JoinedStr)
        self.assertEqual(len(t.body[1].value.values), 4)
        self.assertEqual(type(t.body[1].value.values[0]), ast.Constant)
        self.assertEqual(type(t.body[1].value.values[0].value), str)
        self.assertEqual(type(t.body[1].value.values[1]), ast.FormattedValue)
        self.assertEqual(type(t.body[1].value.values[2]), ast.Constant)
        self.assertEqual(type(t.body[1].value.values[2].value), str)
        self.assertEqual(type(t.body[1].value.values[3]), ast.FormattedValue)
        self.assertEqual(t.body[1].lineno, 3)
        self.assertEqual(t.body[1].value.lineno, 3)
        self.assertEqual(t.body[1].value.values[0].lineno, 3)
        self.assertEqual(t.body[1].value.values[1].lineno, 3)
        self.assertEqual(t.body[1].value.values[2].lineno, 3)
        self.assertEqual(t.body[1].value.values[3].lineno, 3)
        # check the first binop location
        binop1 = t.body[1].value.values[1].value
        self.assertEqual(type(binop1), ast.BinOp)
        self.assertEqual(type(binop1.left), ast.Name)
        self.assertEqual(type(binop1.op), ast.Mult)
        self.assertEqual(type(binop1.right), ast.Call)
        self.assertEqual(binop1.lineno, 3)
        self.assertEqual(binop1.left.lineno, 3)
        self.assertEqual(binop1.right.lineno, 3)
        self.assertEqual(binop1.col_offset, 8)
        self.assertEqual(binop1.left.col_offset, 8)
        self.assertEqual(binop1.right.col_offset, 12)
        # check the second binop location
        binop2 = t.body[1].value.values[3].value
        self.assertEqual(type(binop2), ast.BinOp)
        self.assertEqual(type(binop2.left), ast.Name)
        self.assertEqual(type(binop2.op), ast.Add)
        self.assertEqual(type(binop2.right), ast.Call)
        self.assertEqual(binop2.lineno, 3)
        self.assertEqual(binop2.left.lineno, 3)
        self.assertEqual(binop2.right.lineno, 3)
        self.assertEqual(binop2.col_offset, 23)
        self.assertEqual(binop2.left.col_offset, 23)
        self.assertEqual(binop2.right.col_offset, 27)

def test_ast_line_numbers_nested(self):
        expr = """
a = 10
f'{a * f"-{x()}-"}'"""
        t = ast.parse(expr)
        self.assertEqual(type(t), ast.Module)
        self.assertEqual(len(t.body), 2)
        # check `a = 10`
        self.assertEqual(type(t.body[0]), ast.Assign)
        self.assertEqual(t.body[0].lineno, 2)
        # check `f'...'`
        self.assertEqual(type(t.body[1]), ast.Expr)
        self.assertEqual(type(t.body[1].value), ast.JoinedStr)
        self.assertEqual(len(t.body[1].value.values), 1)
        self.assertEqual(type(t.body[1].value.values[0]), ast.FormattedValue)
        self.assertEqual(t.body[1].lineno, 3)
        self.assertEqual(t.body[1].value.lineno, 3)
        self.assertEqual(t.body[1].value.values[0].lineno, 3)
        # check the binop location
        binop = t.body[1].value.values[0].value
        self.assertEqual(type(binop), ast.BinOp)
        self.assertEqual(type(binop.left), ast.Name)
        self.assertEqual(type(binop.op), ast.Mult)
        self.assertEqual(type(binop.right), ast.JoinedStr)
        self.assertEqual(binop.lineno, 3)
        self.assertEqual(binop.left.lineno, 3)
        self.assertEqual(binop.right.lineno, 3)
        self.assertEqual(binop.col_offset, 3)
        self.assertEqual(binop.left.col_offset, 3)
        self.assertEqual(binop.right.col_offset, 7)
        # check the nested call location
        self.assertEqual(len(binop.right.values), 3)
        self.assertEqual(type(binop.right.values[0]), ast.Constant)
        self.assertEqual(type(binop.right.values[0].value), str)
        self.assertEqual(type(binop.right.values[1]), ast.FormattedValue)
        self.assertEqual(type(binop.right.values[2]), ast.Constant)
        self.assertEqual(type(binop.right.values[2].value), str)
        self.assertEqual(binop.right.values[0].lineno, 3)
        self.assertEqual(binop.right.values[1].lineno, 3)
        self.assertEqual(binop.right.values[2].lineno, 3)
        call = binop.right.values[1].value
        self.assertEqual(type(call), ast.Call)
        self.assertEqual(call.lineno, 3)
        self.assertEqual(call.col_offset, 11)

def test_ast_line_numbers_duplicate_expression(self):
        expr = """
a = 10
f'{a * x()} {a * x()} {a * x()}'
"""
        t = ast.parse(expr)
        self.assertEqual(type(t), ast.Module)
        self.assertEqual(len(t.body), 2)
        # check `a = 10`
        self.assertEqual(type(t.body[0]), ast.Assign)
        self.assertEqual(t.body[0].lineno, 2)
        # check `f'...'`
        self.assertEqual(type(t.body[1]), ast.Expr)
        self.assertEqual(type(t.body[1].value), ast.JoinedStr)
        self.assertEqual(len(t.body[1].value.values), 5)
        self.assertEqual(type(t.body[1].value.values[0]), ast.FormattedValue)
        self.assertEqual(type(t.body[1].value.values[1]), ast.Constant)
        self.assertEqual(type(t.body[1].value.values[1].value), str)
        self.assertEqual(type(t.body[1].value.values[2]), ast.FormattedValue)
        self.assertEqual(type(t.body[1].value.values[3]), ast.Constant)
        self.assertEqual(type(t.body[1].value.values[3].value), str)
        self.assertEqual(type(t.body[1].value.values[4]), ast.FormattedValue)
        self.assertEqual(t.body[1].lineno, 3)
        self.assertEqual(t.body[1].value.lineno, 3)
        self.assertEqual(t.body[1].value.values[0].lineno, 3)
        self.assertEqual(t.body[1].value.values[1].lineno, 3)
        self.assertEqual(t.body[1].value.values[2].lineno, 3)
        self.assertEqual(t.body[1].value.values[3].lineno, 3)
        self.assertEqual(t.body[1].value.values[4].lineno, 3)
        # check the first binop location
        binop = t.body[1].value.values[0].value
        self.assertEqual(type(binop), ast.BinOp)
        self.assertEqual(type(binop.left), ast.Name)
        self.assertEqual(type(binop.op), ast.Mult)
        self.assertEqual(type(binop.right), ast.Call)
        self.assertEqual(binop.lineno, 3)
        self.assertEqual(binop.left.lineno, 3)
        self.assertEqual(binop.right.lineno, 3)
        self.assertEqual(binop.col_offset, 3)
        self.assertEqual(binop.left.col_offset, 3)
        self.assertEqual(binop.right.col_offset, 7)
        # check the second binop location
        binop = t.body[1].value.values[2].value
        self.assertEqual(type(binop), ast.BinOp)
        self.assertEqual(type(binop.left), ast.Name)
        self.assertEqual(type(binop.op), ast.Mult)
        self.assertEqual(type(binop.right), ast.Call)
        self.assertEqual(binop.lineno, 3)
        self.assertEqual(binop.left.lineno, 3)
        self.assertEqual(binop.right.lineno, 3)
        self.assertEqual(binop.col_offset, 13)
        self.assertEqual(binop.left.col_offset, 13)
        self.assertEqual(binop.right.col_offset, 17)
        # check the third binop location
        binop = t.body[1].value.values[4].value
        self.assertEqual(type(binop), ast.BinOp)
        self.assertEqual(type(binop.left), ast.Name)
        self.assertEqual(type(binop.op), ast.Mult)
        self.assertEqual(type(binop.right), ast.Call)
        self.assertEqual(binop.lineno, 3)
        self.assertEqual(binop.left.lineno, 3)
        self.assertEqual(binop.right.lineno, 3)
        self.assertEqual(binop.col_offset, 23)
        self.assertEqual(binop.left.col_offset, 23)
        self.assertEqual(binop.right.col_offset, 27)

def test_ast_numbers_fstring_with_formatting(self):

t = ast.parse('f"Here is that pesky {xxx:.3f} again"')
        self.assertEqual(len(t.body), 1)
        self.assertEqual(t.body[0].lineno, 1)

self.assertEqual(type(t.body[0]), ast.Expr)
        self.assertEqual(type(t.body[0].value), ast.JoinedStr)
        self.assertEqual(len(t.body[0].value.values), 3)

self.assertEqual(type(t.body[0].value.values[0]), ast.Constant)
        self.assertEqual(type(t.body[0].value.values[1]), ast.FormattedValue)
        self.assertEqual(type(t.body[0].value.values[2]), ast.Constant)

_, expr, _ = t.body[0].value.values

name = expr.value
        self.assertEqual(type(name), ast.Name)
        self.assertEqual(name.lineno, 1)
        self.assertEqual(name.end_lineno, 1)
        self.assertEqual(name.col_offset, 22)
        self.assertEqual(name.end_col_offset, 25)

def test_ast_line_numbers_multiline_fstring(self):
        # See bpo-30465 for details.
        expr = """
a = 10
f'''
  {a
     *
       x()}
non-important content
'''
"""
        t = ast.parse(expr)
        self.assertEqual(type(t), ast.Module)
        self.assertEqual(len(t.body), 2)
        # check `a = 10`
        self.assertEqual(type(t.body[0]), ast.Assign)
        self.assertEqual(t.body[0].lineno, 2)
        # check `f'...'`
        self.assertEqual(type(t.body[1]), ast.Expr)
        self.assertEqual(type(t.body[1].value), ast.JoinedStr)
        self.assertEqual(len(t.body[1].value.values), 3)
        self.assertEqual(type(t.body[1].value.values[0]), ast.Constant)
        self.assertEqual(type(t.body[1].value.values[0].value), str)
        self.assertEqual(type(t.body[1].value.values[1]), ast.FormattedValue)
        self.assertEqual(type(t.body[1].value.values[2]), ast.Constant)
        self.assertEqual(type(t.body[1].value.values[2].value), str)
        self.assertEqual(t.body[1].lineno, 3)
        self.assertEqual(t.body[1].value.lineno, 3)
        self.assertEqual(t.body[1].value.values[0].lineno, 3)
        self.assertEqual(t.body[1].value.values[1].lineno, 3)
        self.assertEqual(t.body[1].value.values[2].lineno, 3)
        self.assertEqual(t.body[1].col_offset, 0)
        self.assertEqual(t.body[1].value.col_offset, 0)
        self.assertEqual(t.body[1].value.values[0].col_offset, 0)
        self.assertEqual(t.body[1].value.values[1].col_offset, 0)
        self.assertEqual(t.body[1].value.values[2].col_offset, 0)
        # NOTE: the following lineno information and col_offset is correct for
        # expressions within FormattedValues.
        binop = t.body[1].value.values[1].value
        self.assertEqual(type(binop), ast.BinOp)
        self.assertEqual(type(binop.left), ast.Name)
        self.assertEqual(type(binop.op), ast.Mult)
        self.assertEqual(type(binop.right), ast.Call)
        self.assertEqual(binop.lineno, 4)
        self.assertEqual(binop.left.lineno, 4)
        self.assertEqual(binop.right.lineno, 6)
        self.assertEqual(binop.col_offset, 3)
        self.assertEqual(binop.left.col_offset, 3)
        self.assertEqual(binop.right.col_offset, 7)

expr = """
a = f'''
          {blech}
    '''
"""
        t = ast.parse(expr)
        self.assertEqual(type(t), ast.Module)
        self.assertEqual(len(t.body), 1)
        # Check f'...'
        self.assertEqual(type(t.body[0]), ast.Assign)
        self.assertEqual(type(t.body[0].value), ast.JoinedStr)
        self.assertEqual(len(t.body[0].value.values), 3)
        self.assertEqual(type(t.body[0].value.values[1]), ast.FormattedValue)
        self.assertEqual(t.body[0].lineno, 2)
        self.assertEqual(t.body[0].value.lineno, 2)
        self.assertEqual(t.body[0].value.values[0].lineno, 2)
        self.assertEqual(t.body[0].value.values[1].lineno, 2)
        self.assertEqual(t.body[0].value.values[2].lineno, 2)
        self.assertEqual(t.body[0].col_offset, 0)
        self.assertEqual(t.body[0].value.col_offset, 4)
        self.assertEqual(t.body[0].value.values[0].col_offset, 4)
        self.assertEqual(t.body[0].value.values[1].col_offset, 4)
        self.assertEqual(t.body[0].value.values[2].col_offset, 4)
        # Check {blech}
        self.assertEqual(t.body[0].value.values[1].value.lineno, 3)
        self.assertEqual(t.body[0].value.values[1].value.end_lineno, 3)
        self.assertEqual(t.body[0].value.values[1].value.col_offset, 11)
        self.assertEqual(t.body[0].value.values[1].value.end_col_offset, 16)

def test_ast_line_numbers_with_parentheses(self):
        expr = """
x = (
    f" {test(t)}"
)"""
        t = ast.parse(expr)
        self.assertEqual(type(t), ast.Module)
        self.assertEqual(len(t.body), 1)
        # check the test(t) location
        call = t.body[0].value.values[1].value
        self.assertEqual(type(call), ast.Call)
        self.assertEqual(call.lineno, 3)
        self.assertEqual(call.end_lineno, 3)
        self.assertEqual(call.col_offset, 8)
        self.assertEqual(call.end_col_offset, 15)

expr = """
x = (
        'PERL_MM_OPT', (
            f'wat'
            f'some_string={f(x)} '
            f'wat'
        ),
)
"""
        t = ast.parse(expr)
        self.assertEqual(type(t), ast.Module)
        self.assertEqual(len(t.body), 1)
        # check the fstring
        fstring = t.body[0].value.elts[1]
        self.assertEqual(type(fstring), ast.JoinedStr)
        self.assertEqual(len(fstring.values), 3)
        wat1, middle, wat2 = fstring.values
        # check the first wat
        self.assertEqual(type(wat1), ast.Constant)
        self.assertEqual(wat1.lineno, 4)
        self.assertEqual(wat1.end_lineno, 6)
        self.assertEqual(wat1.col_offset, 12)
        self.assertEqual(wat1.end_col_offset, 18)
        # check the call
        call = middle.value
        self.assertEqual(type(call), ast.Call)
        self.assertEqual(call.lineno, 5)
        self.assertEqual(call.end_lineno, 5)
        self.assertEqual(call.col_offset, 27)
        self.assertEqual(call.end_col_offset, 31)
        # check the second wat
        self.assertEqual(type(wat2), ast.Constant)
        self.assertEqual(wat2.lineno, 4)
        self.assertEqual(wat2.end_lineno, 6)
        self.assertEqual(wat2.col_offset, 12)
        self.assertEqual(wat2.end_col_offset, 18)

def test_docstring(self):
        def f():
            f'''Not a docstring'''
        self.assertIsNone(f.__doc__)
        def g():
            '''Not a docstring''' \
            f''
        self.assertIsNone(g.__doc__)

def test_literal_eval(self):
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, 'malformed node or string'):
            ast.literal_eval("f'x'")

def test_ast_compile_time_concat(self):
        x = ['']

expr = """x[0] = 'foo' f'{3}'"""
        t = ast.parse(expr)
        c = compile(t, '', 'exec')
        exec(c)
        self.assertEqual(x[0], 'foo3')

def test_compile_time_concat_errors(self):
        self.assertAllRaise(SyntaxError,
                            'cannot mix bytes and nonbytes literals',
                            [r"""f'' b''""",
                             r"""b'' f''""",
                             ])

def test_literal(self):
        self.assertEqual(f'', '')
        self.assertEqual(f'a', 'a')
        self.assertEqual(f' ', ' ')

def test_unterminated_string(self):
        self.assertAllRaise(SyntaxError, 'f-string: unterminated string',
                            [r"""f'{"x'""",
                             r"""f'{"x}'""",
                             r"""f'{("x'""",
                             r"""f'{("x}'""",
                             ])

def test_mismatched_parens(self):
        self.assertAllRaise(SyntaxError, r"f-string: closing parenthesis '\}' "
                            r"does not match opening parenthesis '$'",
                            ["f'{((}'",
                             ])
        self.assertAllRaise(SyntaxError, r"f-string: closing parenthesis '$' "
                            r"does not match opening parenthesis '\['",
                            ["f'{a[4)}'",
                            ])
        self.assertAllRaise(SyntaxError, r"f-string: closing parenthesis '\]' "
                            r"does not match opening parenthesis '\('",
                            ["f'{a(4]}'",
                            ])
        self.assertAllRaise(SyntaxError, r"f-string: closing parenthesis '\}' "
                            r"does not match opening parenthesis '\['",
                            ["f'{a[4}'",
                            ])
        self.assertAllRaise(SyntaxError, r"f-string: closing parenthesis '\}' "
                            r"does not match opening parenthesis '\('",
                            ["f'{a(4}'",
                            ])
        self.assertRaises(SyntaxError, eval, "f'{" + "("*500 + "}'")

def test_double_braces(self):
        self.assertEqual(f'{{', '{')
        self.assertEqual(f'a{{', 'a{')
        self.assertEqual(f'{{b', '{b')
        self.assertEqual(f'a{{b', 'a{b')
        self.assertEqual(f'}}', '}')
        self.assertEqual(f'a}}', 'a}')
        self.assertEqual(f'}}b', '}b')
        self.assertEqual(f'a}}b', 'a}b')
        self.assertEqual(f'{{}}', '{}')
        self.assertEqual(f'a{{}}', 'a{}')
        self.assertEqual(f'{{b}}', '{b}')
        self.assertEqual(f'{{}}c', '{}c')
        self.assertEqual(f'a{{b}}', 'a{b}')
        self.assertEqual(f'a{{}}c', 'a{}c')
        self.assertEqual(f'{{b}}c', '{b}c')
        self.assertEqual(f'a{{b}}c', 'a{b}c')

self.assertEqual(f'{{{10}', '{10')
        self.assertEqual(f'}}{10}', '}10')
        self.assertEqual(f'}}{{{10}', '}{10')
        self.assertEqual(f'}}a{{{10}', '}a{10')

self.assertEqual(f'{10}{{', '10{')
        self.assertEqual(f'{10}}}', '10}')
        self.assertEqual(f'{10}}}{{', '10}{')
        self.assertEqual(f'{10}}}a{{' '}', '10}a{}')

# Inside of strings, don't interpret doubled brackets.
        self.assertEqual(f'{"{{}}"}', '{{}}')

self.assertAllRaise(TypeError, 'unhashable type',
                            ["f'{ {{}} }'", # dict in a set
                             ])

def test_compile_time_concat(self):
        x = 'def'
        self.assertEqual('abc' f'## {x}ghi', 'abc## defghi')
        self.assertEqual('abc' f'{x}' 'ghi', 'abcdefghi')
        self.assertEqual('abc' f'{x}' 'gh' f'i{x:4}', 'abcdefghidef ')
        self.assertEqual('{x}' f'{x}', '{x}def')
        self.assertEqual('{x' f'{x}', '{xdef')
        self.assertEqual('{x}' f'{x}', '{x}def')
        self.assertEqual('{{x}}' f'{x}', '{{x}}def')
        self.assertEqual('{{x' f'{x}', '{{xdef')
        self.assertEqual('x}}' f'{x}', 'x}}def')
        self.assertEqual(f'{x}' 'x}}', 'defx}}')
        self.assertEqual(f'{x}' '', 'def')
        self.assertEqual('' f'{x}' '', 'def')
        self.assertEqual('' f'{x}', 'def')
        self.assertEqual(f'{x}' '2', 'def2')
        self.assertEqual('1' f'{x}' '2', '1def2')
        self.assertEqual('1' f'{x}', '1def')
        self.assertEqual(f'{x}' f'-{x}', 'def-def')
        self.assertEqual('' f'', '')
        self.assertEqual('' f'' '', '')
        self.assertEqual('' f'' '' f'', '')
        self.assertEqual(f'', '')
        self.assertEqual(f'' '', '')
        self.assertEqual(f'' '' f'', '')
        self.assertEqual(f'' '' f'' '', '')

self.assertAllRaise(SyntaxError, "f-string: expecting '}'",
                            ["f'{3' f'}'",  # can't concat to get a valid f-string
                             ])

def test_comments(self):
        # These aren't comments, since they're in strings.
        d = {'#': 'hash'}
        self.assertEqual(f'{"#"}', '#')
        self.assertEqual(f'{d["#"]}', 'hash')

self.assertAllRaise(SyntaxError, "f-string expression part cannot include '#'",
                            ["f'{1#}'",   # error because the expression becomes "(1#)"
                             "f'{3(#)}'",
                             "f'{#}'",
                             ])
        self.assertAllRaise(SyntaxError, r"f-string: unmatched '\)'",
                            ["f'{)#}'",   # When wrapped in parens, this becomes
                                          #  '()#)'.  Make sure that doesn't compile.
                             ])

def test_many_expressions(self):
        # Create a string with many expressions in it. Note that
        #  because we have a space in here as a literal, we're actually
        #  going to use twice as many ast nodes: one for each literal
        #  plus one for each expression.
        def build_fstr(n, extra=''):
            return "f'" + ('{x} ' * n) + extra + "'"

x = 'X'
        width = 1

# Test around 256.
        for i in range(250, 260):
            self.assertEqual(eval(build_fstr(i)), (x+' ')*i)

# Test concatenating 2 largs fstrings.
        self.assertEqual(eval(build_fstr(255)*256), (x+' ')*(255*256))

s = build_fstr(253, '{x:{width}} ')
        self.assertEqual(eval(s), (x+' ')*254)

# Test lots of expressions and constants, concatenated.
        s = "f'{1}' 'x' 'y'" * 1024
        self.assertEqual(eval(s), '1xy' * 1024)

def test_format_specifier_expressions(self):
        width = 10
        precision = 4
        value = decimal.Decimal('12.34567')
        self.assertEqual(f'result: {value:{width}.{precision}}', 'result:      12.35')
        self.assertEqual(f'result: {value:{width!r}.{precision}}', 'result:      12.35')
        self.assertEqual(f'result: {value:{width:0}.{precision:1}}', 'result:      12.35')
        self.assertEqual(f'result: {value:{1}{0:0}.{precision:1}}', 'result:      12.35')
        self.assertEqual(f'result: {value:{ 1}{ 0:0}.{ precision:1}}', 'result:      12.35')
        self.assertEqual(f'{10:#{1}0x}', '       0xa')
        self.assertEqual(f'{10:{"#"}1{0}{"x"}}', '       0xa')
        self.assertEqual(f'{-10:-{"#"}1{0}x}', '      -0xa')
        self.assertEqual(f'{-10:{"-"}#{1}0{"x"}}', '      -0xa')
        self.assertEqual(f'{10:#{3 != {4:5} and width}x}', '       0xa')

self.assertAllRaise(SyntaxError, "f-string: expecting '}'",
                            ["""f'{"s"!r{":10"}}'""",

# This looks like a nested format spec.
                             ])

self.assertAllRaise(SyntaxError, "f-string: invalid syntax",
                            [# Invalid syntax inside a nested spec.
                             "f'{4:{/5}}'",
                             ])

self.assertAllRaise(SyntaxError, "f-string: expressions nested too deeply",
                            [# Can't nest format specifiers.
                             "f'result: {value:{width:{0}}.{precision:1}}'",
                             ])

self.assertAllRaise(SyntaxError, 'f-string: invalid conversion character',
                            [# No expansion inside conversion or for
                             #  the : or ! itself.
                             """f'{"s"!{"r"}}'""",
                             ])

def test_side_effect_order(self):
        class X:
            def __init__(self):
                self.i = 0
            def __format__(self, spec):
                self.i += 1
                return str(self.i)

x = X()
        self.assertEqual(f'{x} {x}', '1 2')

def test_missing_expression(self):
        self.assertAllRaise(SyntaxError, 'f-string: empty expression not allowed',
                            ["f'{}'",
                             "f'{ }'"
                             "f' {} '",
                             "f'{!r}'",
                             "f'{ !r}'",
                             "f'{10:{ }}'",
                             "f' { } '",

# The Python parser ignores also the following
                             # whitespace characters in additional to a space.
                             "f'''{\t\f\r\n}'''",

# Catch the empty expression before the
                             #  invalid conversion.
                             "f'{!x}'",
                             "f'{ !xr}'",
                             "f'{!x:}'",
                             "f'{!x:a}'",
                             "f'{ !xr:}'",
                             "f'{ !xr:a}'",

"f'{!}'",
                             "f'{:}'",

# We find the empty expression before the
                             #  missing closing brace.
                             "f'{!'",
                             "f'{!s:'",
                             "f'{:'",
                             "f'{:x'",
                             ])

# Different error message is raised for other whitespace characters.
        self.assertAllRaise(SyntaxError, r"invalid non-printable character U\+00A0",
                            ["f'''{\xa0}'''",
                             "\xa0",
                             ])

def test_parens_in_expressions(self):
        self.assertEqual(f'{3,}', '(3,)')

# Add these because when an expression is evaluated, parens
        #  are added around it. But we shouldn't go from an invalid
        #  expression to a valid one. The added parens are just
        #  supposed to allow whitespace (including newlines).
        self.assertAllRaise(SyntaxError, 'f-string: invalid syntax',
                            ["f'{,}'",
                             "f'{,}'",  # this is (,), which is an error
                             ])

self.assertAllRaise(SyntaxError, r"f-string: unmatched '\)'",
                            ["f'{3)+(4}'",
                             ])

self.assertAllRaise(SyntaxError, 'unterminated string literal',
                            ["f'{\n}'",
                             ])
    def test_newlines_before_syntax_error(self):
        self.assertAllRaise(SyntaxError, "invalid syntax",
                ["f'{.}'", "\nf'{.}'", "\n\nf'{.}'"])

def test_backslashes_in_string_part(self):
        self.assertEqual(f'\t', '\t')
        self.assertEqual(r'\t', '\\t')
        self.assertEqual(rf'\t', '\\t')
        self.assertEqual(f'{2}\t', '2\t')
        self.assertEqual(f'{2}\t{3}', '2\t3')
        self.assertEqual(f'\t{3}', '\t3')

self.assertEqual(f'\u0394', '\u0394')
        self.assertEqual(r'\u0394', '\\u0394')
        self.assertEqual(rf'\u0394', '\\u0394')
        self.assertEqual(f'{2}\u0394', '2\u0394')
        self.assertEqual(f'{2}\u0394{3}', '2\u03943')
        self.assertEqual(f'\u0394{3}', '\u03943')

self.assertEqual(f'\U00000394', '\u0394')
        self.assertEqual(r'\U00000394', '\\U00000394')
        self.assertEqual(rf'\U00000394', '\\U00000394')
        self.assertEqual(f'{2}\U00000394', '2\u0394')
        self.assertEqual(f'{2}\U00000394{3}', '2\u03943')
        self.assertEqual(f'\U00000394{3}', '\u03943')

self.assertEqual(f'\N{GREEK CAPITAL LETTER DELTA}', '\u0394')
        self.assertEqual(f'{2}\N{GREEK CAPITAL LETTER DELTA}', '2\u0394')
        self.assertEqual(f'{2}\N{GREEK CAPITAL LETTER DELTA}{3}', '2\u03943')
        self.assertEqual(f'\N{GREEK CAPITAL LETTER DELTA}{3}', '\u03943')
        self.assertEqual(f'2\N{GREEK CAPITAL LETTER DELTA}', '2\u0394')
        self.assertEqual(f'2\N{GREEK CAPITAL LETTER DELTA}3', '2\u03943')
        self.assertEqual(f'\N{GREEK CAPITAL LETTER DELTA}3', '\u03943')

self.assertEqual(f'\x20', ' ')
        self.assertEqual(r'\x20', '\\x20')
        self.assertEqual(rf'\x20', '\\x20')
        self.assertEqual(f'{2}\x20', '2 ')
        self.assertEqual(f'{2}\x20{3}', '2 3')
        self.assertEqual(f'\x20{3}', ' 3')

self.assertEqual(f'2\x20', '2 ')
        self.assertEqual(f'2\x203', '2 3')
        self.assertEqual(f'\x203', ' 3')

with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):  # invalid escape sequence
            value = eval(r"f'\{6*7}'")
        self.assertEqual(value, '\\42')
        self.assertEqual(f'\\{6*7}', '\\42')
        self.assertEqual(fr'\{6*7}', '\\42')

AMPERSAND = 'spam'
        # Get the right unicode character (&), or pick up local variable
        # depending on the number of backslashes.
        self.assertEqual(f'\N{AMPERSAND}', '&')
        self.assertEqual(f'\\N{AMPERSAND}', '\\Nspam')
        self.assertEqual(fr'\N{AMPERSAND}', '\\Nspam')
        self.assertEqual(f'\\\N{AMPERSAND}', '\\&')

def test_misformed_unicode_character_name(self):
        # These test are needed because unicode names are parsed
        # differently inside f-strings.
        self.assertAllRaise(SyntaxError, r"$unicode error$ 'unicodeescape' codec can't decode bytes in position .*: malformed \\N character escape",
                            [r"f'\N'",
                             r"f'\N '",
                             r"f'\N  '",  # See bpo-46503.
                             r"f'\N{'",
                             r"f'\N{GREEK CAPITAL LETTER DELTA'",

# Here are the non-f-string versions,
                             #  which should give the same errors.
                             r"'\N'",
                             r"'\N '",
                             r"'\N  '",
                             r"'\N{'",
                             r"'\N{GREEK CAPITAL LETTER DELTA'",
                             ])

def test_no_backslashes_in_expression_part(self):
        self.assertAllRaise(SyntaxError, 'f-string expression part cannot include a backslash',
                            [r"f'{\'a\'}'",
                             r"f'{\t3}'",
                             r"f'{\}'",
                             r"rf'{\'a\'}'",
                             r"rf'{\t3}'",
                             r"rf'{\}'",
                             r"""rf'{"\N{LEFT CURLY BRACKET}"}'""",
                             r"f'{\n}'",
                             ])

def test_no_escapes_for_braces(self):
        """
        Only literal curly braces begin an expression.
        """
        # \x7b is '{'.
        self.assertEqual(f'\x7b1+1}}', '{1+1}')
        self.assertEqual(f'\x7b1+1', '{1+1')
        self.assertEqual(f'\u007b1+1', '{1+1')
        self.assertEqual(f'\N{LEFT CURLY BRACKET}1+1\N{RIGHT CURLY BRACKET}', '{1+1}')

def test_newlines_in_expressions(self):
        self.assertEqual(f'{0}', '0')
        self.assertEqual(rf'''{3+
4}''', '7')

def test_lambda(self):
        x = 5
        self.assertEqual(f'{(lambda y:x*y)("8")!r}', "'88888'")
        self.assertEqual(f'{(lambda y:x*y)("8")!r:10}', "'88888'   ")
        self.assertEqual(f'{(lambda y:x*y)("8"):10}', "88888     ")

# lambda doesn't work without parens, because the colon
        #  makes the parser think it's a format_spec
        self.assertAllRaise(SyntaxError, 'f-string: invalid syntax',
                            ["f'{lambda x:x}'",
                             ])

def test_yield(self):
        # Not terribly useful, but make sure the yield turns
        #  a function into a generator
        def fn(y):
            f'y:{yield y*2}'
            f'{yield}'

g = fn(4)
        self.assertEqual(next(g), 8)
        self.assertEqual(next(g), None)

def test_yield_send(self):
        def fn(x):
            yield f'x:{yield (lambda i: x * i)}'

g = fn(10)
        the_lambda = next(g)
        self.assertEqual(the_lambda(4), 40)
        self.assertEqual(g.send('string'), 'x:string')

def test_expressions_with_triple_quoted_strings(self):
        self.assertEqual(f"{'''x'''}", 'x')
        self.assertEqual(f"{'''eric's'''}", "eric's")

# Test concatenation within an expression
        self.assertEqual(f'{"x" """eric"s""" "y"}', 'xeric"sy')
        self.assertEqual(f'{"x" """eric"s"""}', 'xeric"s')
        self.assertEqual(f'{"""eric"s""" "y"}', 'eric"sy')
        self.assertEqual(f'{"""x""" """eric"s""" "y"}', 'xeric"sy')
        self.assertEqual(f'{"""x""" """eric"s""" """y"""}', 'xeric"sy')
        self.assertEqual(f'{r"""x""" """eric"s""" """y"""}', 'xeric"sy')

def test_multiple_vars(self):
        x = 98
        y = 'abc'
        self.assertEqual(f'{x}{y}', '98abc')

self.assertEqual(f'X{x}{y}', 'X98abc')
        self.assertEqual(f'{x}X{y}', '98Xabc')
        self.assertEqual(f'{x}{y}X', '98abcX')

self.assertEqual(f'X{x}Y{y}', 'X98Yabc')
        self.assertEqual(f'X{x}{y}Y', 'X98abcY')
        self.assertEqual(f'{x}X{y}Y', '98XabcY')

self.assertEqual(f'X{x}Y{y}Z', 'X98YabcZ')

def test_closure(self):
        def outer(x):
            def inner():
                return f'x:{x}'
            return inner

self.assertEqual(outer('987')(), 'x:987')
        self.assertEqual(outer(7)(), 'x:7')

def test_arguments(self):
        y = 2
        def f(x, width):
            return f'x={x*y:{width}}'

self.assertEqual(f('foo', 10), 'x=foofoo    ')
        x = 'bar'
        self.assertEqual(f(10, 10), 'x=        20')

def test_locals(self):
        value = 123
        self.assertEqual(f'v:{value}', 'v:123')

def test_missing_variable(self):
        with self.assertRaises(NameError):
            f'v:{value}'

def test_missing_format_spec(self):
        class O:
            def __format__(self, spec):
                if not spec:
                    return '*'
                return spec

self.assertEqual(f'{O():x}', 'x')
        self.assertEqual(f'{O()}', '*')
        self.assertEqual(f'{O():}', '*')

self.assertEqual(f'{3:}', '3')
        self.assertEqual(f'{3!s:}', '3')

def test_global(self):
        self.assertEqual(f'g:{a_global}', 'g:global variable')
        self.assertEqual(f'g:{a_global!r}', "g:'global variable'")

a_local = 'local variable'
        self.assertEqual(f'g:{a_global} l:{a_local}',
                         'g:global variable l:local variable')
        self.assertEqual(f'g:{a_global!r}',
                         "g:'global variable'")
        self.assertEqual(f'g:{a_global} l:{a_local!r}',
                         "g:global variable l:'local variable'")

self.assertIn("module 'unittest' from", f'{unittest}')

def test_shadowed_global(self):
        a_global = 'really a local'
        self.assertEqual(f'g:{a_global}', 'g:really a local')
        self.assertEqual(f'g:{a_global!r}', "g:'really a local'")

a_local = 'local variable'
        self.assertEqual(f'g:{a_global} l:{a_local}',
                         'g:really a local l:local variable')
        self.assertEqual(f'g:{a_global!r}',
                         "g:'really a local'")
        self.assertEqual(f'g:{a_global} l:{a_local!r}',
                         "g:really a local l:'local variable'")

def test_call(self):
        def foo(x):
            return 'x=' + str(x)

self.assertEqual(f'{foo(10)}', 'x=10')

def test_nested_fstrings(self):
        y = 5
        self.assertEqual(f'{f"{0}"*3}', '000')
        self.assertEqual(f'{f"{y}"*3}', '555')

def test_invalid_string_prefixes(self):
        single_quote_cases = ["fu''",
                             "uf''",
                             "Fu''",
                             "fU''",
                             "Uf''",
                             "uF''",
                             "ufr''",
                             "urf''",
                             "fur''",
                             "fru''",
                             "rfu''",
                             "ruf''",
                             "FUR''",
                             "Fur''",
                             "fb''",
                             "fB''",
                             "Fb''",
                             "FB''",
                             "bf''",
                             "bF''",
                             "Bf''",
                             "BF''",]
        double_quote_cases = [case.replace("'", '"') for case in single_quote_cases]
        self.assertAllRaise(SyntaxError, 'invalid syntax',
                            single_quote_cases + double_quote_cases)

def test_leading_trailing_spaces(self):
        self.assertEqual(f'{ 3}', '3')
        self.assertEqual(f'{  3}', '3')
        self.assertEqual(f'{3 }', '3')
        self.assertEqual(f'{3  }', '3')

self.assertEqual(f'expr={ {x: y for x, y in [(1, 2), ]}}',
                         'expr={1: 2}')
        self.assertEqual(f'expr={ {x: y for x, y in [(1, 2), ]} }',
                         'expr={1: 2}')

def test_not_equal(self):
        # There's a special test for this because there's a special
        #  case in the f-string parser to look for != as not ending an
        #  expression. Normally it would, while looking for !s or !r.

self.assertEqual(f'{3!=4}', 'True')
        self.assertEqual(f'{3!=4:}', 'True')
        self.assertEqual(f'{3!=4!s}', 'True')
        self.assertEqual(f'{3!=4!s:.3}', 'Tru')

def test_equal_equal(self):
        # Because an expression ending in = has special meaning,
        # there's a special test for ==. Make sure it works.

self.assertEqual(f'{0==1}', 'False')

def test_conversions(self):
        self.assertEqual(f'{3.14:10.10}', '      3.14')
        self.assertEqual(f'{3.14!s:10.10}', '3.14      ')
        self.assertEqual(f'{3.14!r:10.10}', '3.14      ')
        self.assertEqual(f'{3.14!a:10.10}', '3.14      ')

self.assertEqual(f'{"a"}', 'a')
        self.assertEqual(f'{"a"!r}', "'a'")
        self.assertEqual(f'{"a"!a}', "'a'")

# Not a conversion.
        self.assertEqual(f'{"a!r"}', "a!r")

# Not a conversion, but show that ! is allowed in a format spec.
        self.assertEqual(f'{3.14:!<10.10}', '3.14!!!!!!')

self.assertAllRaise(SyntaxError, 'f-string: invalid conversion character',
                            ["f'{3!g}'",
                             "f'{3!A}'",
                             "f'{3!3}'",
                             "f'{3!G}'",
                             "f'{3!!}'",
                             "f'{3!:}'",
                             "f'{3! s}'",  # no space before conversion char
                             ])

self.assertAllRaise(SyntaxError, "f-string: expecting '}'",
                            ["f'{x!s{y}}'",
                             "f'{3!ss}'",
                             "f'{3!ss:}'",
                             "f'{3!ss:s}'",
                             ])

def test_assignment(self):
        self.assertAllRaise(SyntaxError, r'invalid syntax',
                            ["f'' = 3",
                             "f'{0}' = x",
                             "f'{x}' = x",
                             ])

def test_del(self):
        self.assertAllRaise(SyntaxError, 'invalid syntax',
                            ["del f''",
                             "del '' f''",
                             ])

def test_mismatched_braces(self):
        self.assertAllRaise(SyntaxError, "f-string: single '}' is not allowed",
                            ["f'{{}'",
                             "f'{{}}}'",
                             "f'}'",
                             "f'x}'",
                             "f'x}x'",
                             r"f'\u007b}'",

# Can't have { or } in a format spec.
                             "f'{3:}>10}'",
                             "f'{3:}}>10}'",
                             ])

self.assertAllRaise(SyntaxError, "f-string: expecting '}'",
                            ["f'{3:{{>10}'",
                             "f'{3'",
                             "f'{3!'",
                             "f'{3:'",
                             "f'{3!s'",
                             "f'{3!s:'",
                             "f'{3!s:3'",
                             "f'x{'",
                             "f'x{x'",
                             "f'{x'",
                             "f'{3:s'",
                             "f'{{{'",
                             "f'{{}}{'",
                             "f'{'",
                             "f'x{<'",  # See bpo-46762.
                             "f'x{>'",
                             "f'{i='",  # See gh-93418.
                             ])

# But these are just normal strings.
        self.assertEqual(f'{"{"}', '{')
        self.assertEqual(f'{"}"}', '}')
        self.assertEqual(f'{3:{"}"}>10}', '}}}}}}}}}3')
        self.assertEqual(f'{2:{"{"}>10}', '{{{{{{{{{2')

def test_if_conditional(self):
        # There's special logic in compile.c to test if the
        #  conditional for an if (and while) are constants. Exercise
        #  that code.

def test_fstring(x, expected):
            flag = 0
            if f'{x}':
                flag = 1
            else:
                flag = 2
            self.assertEqual(flag, expected)

def test_concat_empty(x, expected):
            flag = 0
            if '' f'{x}':
                flag = 1
            else:
                flag = 2
            self.assertEqual(flag, expected)

def test_concat_non_empty(x, expected):
            flag = 0
            if ' ' f'{x}':
                flag = 1
            else:
                flag = 2
            self.assertEqual(flag, expected)

test_fstring('', 2)
        test_fstring(' ', 1)

test_concat_empty('', 2)
        test_concat_empty(' ', 1)

test_concat_non_empty('', 1)
        test_concat_non_empty(' ', 1)

def test_empty_format_specifier(self):
        x = 'test'
        self.assertEqual(f'{x}', 'test')
        self.assertEqual(f'{x:}', 'test')
        self.assertEqual(f'{x!s:}', 'test')
        self.assertEqual(f'{x!r:}', "'test'")

def test_str_format_differences(self):
        d = {'a': 'string',
             0: 'integer',
             }
        a = 0
        self.assertEqual(f'{d[0]}', 'integer')
        self.assertEqual(f'{d["a"]}', 'string')
        self.assertEqual(f'{d[a]}', 'integer')
        self.assertEqual('{d[a]}'.format(d=d), 'string')
        self.assertEqual('{d[0]}'.format(d=d), 'integer')

def test_errors(self):
        # see issue 26287
        self.assertAllRaise(TypeError, 'unsupported',
                            [r"f'{(lambda: 0):x}'",
                             r"f'{(0,):x}'",
                             ])
        self.assertAllRaise(ValueError, 'Unknown format code',
                            [r"f'{1000:j}'",
                             r"f'{1000:j}'",
                            ])

def test_filename_in_syntaxerror(self):
        # see issue 38964
        with temp_cwd() as cwd:
            file_path = os.path.join(cwd, 't.py')
            with open(file_path, 'w', encoding="utf-8") as f:
                f.write('f"{a b}"') # This generates a SyntaxError
            _, _, stderr = assert_python_failure(file_path,
                                                 PYTHONIOENCODING='ascii')
        self.assertIn(file_path.encode('ascii', 'backslashreplace'), stderr)

def test_loop(self):
        for i in range(1000):
            self.assertEqual(f'i:{i}', 'i:' + str(i))

def test_dict(self):
        d = {'"': 'dquote',
             "'": 'squote',
             'foo': 'bar',
             }
        self.assertEqual(f'''{d["'"]}''', 'squote')
        self.assertEqual(f"""{d['"']}""", 'dquote')

self.assertEqual(f'{d["foo"]}', 'bar')
        self.assertEqual(f"{d['foo']}", 'bar')

def test_backslash_char(self):
        # Check eval of a backslash followed by a control char.
        # See bpo-30682: this used to raise an assert in pydebug mode.
        self.assertEqual(eval('f"\\\n"'), '')
        self.assertEqual(eval('f"\\\r"'), '')

def test_debug_conversion(self):
        x = 'A string'
        self.assertEqual(f'{x=}', 'x=' + repr(x))
        self.assertEqual(f'{x =}', 'x =' + repr(x))
        self.assertEqual(f'{x=!s}', 'x=' + str(x))
        self.assertEqual(f'{x=!r}', 'x=' + repr(x))
        self.assertEqual(f'{x=!a}', 'x=' + ascii(x))

x = 2.71828
        self.assertEqual(f'{x=:.2f}', 'x=' + format(x, '.2f'))
        self.assertEqual(f'{x=:}', 'x=' + format(x, ''))
        self.assertEqual(f'{x=!r:^20}', 'x=' + format(repr(x), '^20'))
        self.assertEqual(f'{x=!s:^20}', 'x=' + format(str(x), '^20'))
        self.assertEqual(f'{x=!a:^20}', 'x=' + format(ascii(x), '^20'))

x = 9
        self.assertEqual(f'{3*x+15=}', '3*x+15=42')

# There is code in ast.c that deals with non-ascii expression values.  So,
        # use a unicode identifier to trigger that.
        tenπ = 31.4
        self.assertEqual(f'{tenπ=:.2f}', 'tenπ=31.40')

# Also test with Unicode in non-identifiers.
        self.assertEqual(f'{"Σ"=}', '"Σ"=\'Σ\'')

# Make sure nested fstrings still work.
        self.assertEqual(f'{f"{3.1415=:.1f}":*^20}', '*****3.1415=3.1*****')

# Make sure text before and after an expression with = works
        # correctly.
        pi = 'π'
        self.assertEqual(f'alpha α {pi=} ω omega', "alpha α pi='π' ω omega")

# Check multi-line expressions.
        self.assertEqual(f'''{
3
=}''', '\n3\n=3')

# Since = is handled specially, make sure all existing uses of
        # it still work.

self.assertEqual(f'{0==1}', 'False')
        self.assertEqual(f'{0!=1}', 'True')
        self.assertEqual(f'{0<=1}', 'True')
        self.assertEqual(f'{0>=1}', 'False')
        self.assertEqual(f'{(x:="5")}', '5')
        self.assertEqual(x, '5')
        self.assertEqual(f'{(x:=5)}', '5')
        self.assertEqual(x, 5)
        self.assertEqual(f'{"="}', '=')

x = 20
        # This isn't an assignment expression, it's 'x', with a format
        # spec of '=10'.  See test_walrus: you need to use parens.
        self.assertEqual(f'{x:=10}', '        20')

# Test named function parameters, to make sure '=' parsing works
        # there.
        def f(a):
            nonlocal x
            oldx = x
            x = a
            return oldx
        x = 0
        self.assertEqual(f'{f(a="3=")}', '0')
        self.assertEqual(x, '3=')
        self.assertEqual(f'{f(a=4)}', '3=')
        self.assertEqual(x, 4)

# Make sure __format__ is being called.
        class C:
            def __format__(self, s):
                return f'FORMAT-{s}'
            def __repr__(self):
                return 'REPR'

self.assertEqual(f'{C()=}', 'C()=REPR')
        self.assertEqual(f'{C()=!r}', 'C()=REPR')
        self.assertEqual(f'{C()=:}', 'C()=FORMAT-')
        self.assertEqual(f'{C()=: }', 'C()=FORMAT- ')
        self.assertEqual(f'{C()=:x}', 'C()=FORMAT-x')
        self.assertEqual(f'{C()=!r:*^20}', 'C()=********REPR********')

self.assertRaises(SyntaxError, eval, "f'{C=]'")

# Make sure leading and following text works.
        x = 'foo'
        self.assertEqual(f'X{x=}Y', 'Xx='+repr(x)+'Y')

# Make sure whitespace around the = works.
        self.assertEqual(f'X{x  =}Y', 'Xx  ='+repr(x)+'Y')
        self.assertEqual(f'X{x=  }Y', 'Xx=  '+repr(x)+'Y')
        self.assertEqual(f'X{x  =  }Y', 'Xx  =  '+repr(x)+'Y')

# These next lines contains tabs.  Backslash escapes don't
        # work in f-strings.
        # patchcheck doesn't like these tabs.  So the only way to test
        # this will be to dynamically created and exec the f-strings.  But
        # that's such a hassle I'll save it for another day.  For now, convert
        # the tabs to spaces just to shut up patchcheck.
        #self.assertEqual(f'X{x =}Y', 'Xx\t='+repr(x)+'Y')
        #self.assertEqual(f'X{x =       }Y', 'Xx\t=\t'+repr(x)+'Y')

def test_walrus(self):
        x = 20
        # This isn't an assignment expression, it's 'x', with a format
        # spec of '=10'.
        self.assertEqual(f'{x:=10}', '        20')

# This is an assignment expression, which requires parens.
        self.assertEqual(f'{(x:=10)}', '10')
        self.assertEqual(x, 10)

def test_invalid_syntax_error_message(self):
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(SyntaxError, "f-string: invalid syntax"):
            compile("f'{a $ b}'", "?", "exec")

def test_with_two_commas_in_format_specifier(self):
        error_msg = re.escape("Cannot specify ',' with ','.")
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, error_msg):
            f'{1:,,}'

def test_with_two_underscore_in_format_specifier(self):
        error_msg = re.escape("Cannot specify '_' with '_'.")
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, error_msg):
            f'{1:__}'

def test_with_a_commas_and_an_underscore_in_format_specifier(self):
        error_msg = re.escape("Cannot specify both ',' and '_'.")
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, error_msg):
            f'{1:,_}'

def test_with_an_underscore_and_a_comma_in_format_specifier(self):
        error_msg = re.escape("Cannot specify both ',' and '_'.")
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, error_msg):
            f'{1:_,}'

def test_syntax_error_for_starred_expressions(self):
        error_msg = re.escape("cannot use starred expression here")
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(SyntaxError, error_msg):
            compile("f'{*a}'", "?", "exec")

error_msg = re.escape("cannot use double starred expression here")
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(SyntaxError, error_msg):
            compile("f'{**a}'", "?", "exec")

if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()

${this.title}

Code Editor : test_fstring.py