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[ DIR ]
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MyFirstContribution.html
101.54
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MyFirstObjectWalk.html
72.23
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SubmittingPatches.html
63.36
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ToolsForGit.html
32.1
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docbook-xsl.css
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everyday.html
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git-add.html
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git-am.html
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git-annotate.html
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git-apply.html
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git-archive.html
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git-bash.html
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git-bisect-lk2009.html
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git-bisect.html
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git-blame.html
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git-branch.html
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git-bugreport.html
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git-bundle.html
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git-cat-file.html
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git-check-attr.html
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git-check-ignore.html
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git-check-mailmap.html
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git-check-ref-format.html
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git-checkout-index.html
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git-checkout.html
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git-cherry-pick.html
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git-cherry.html
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git-citool.html
30.53
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git-clean.html
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git-clone.html
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git-column.html
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git-commit-graph.html
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git-commit-tree.html
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git-commit.html
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git-config.html
367.82
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git-count-objects.html
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git-credential-cache--daemon.h...
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git-credential-cache.html
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git-credential-store.html
34.74
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git-credential.html
37.47
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git-daemon.html
46.12
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git-describe.html
40.33
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git-diff-files.html
86.05
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git-diff-index.html
91.17
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git-diff-tree.html
117.23
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git-diff.html
95.61
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git-difftool.html
37.25
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git-fast-export.html
43.41
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git-fast-import.html
111.36
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git-fetch-pack.html
35.51
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git-fetch.html
75.8
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git-filter-branch.html
65.54
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git-fmt-merge-msg.html
33.93
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git-for-each-ref.html
50.37
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git-for-each-repo.html
32.12
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git-format-patch.html
88
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git-fsck-objects.html
30.29
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git-fsck.html
41.54
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git-fsmonitor--daemon.html
32.83
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git-gc.html
45.33
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git-get-tar-commit-id.html
30.72
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git-grep.html
46.16
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git-gui.html
34.8
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git-hash-object.html
32.4
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git-help.html
39.51
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git-hook.html
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git-http-backend.html
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git-http-fetch.html
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git-http-push.html
34.02
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git-imap-send.html
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git-index-pack.html
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git-init-db.html
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git-init.html
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git-instaweb.html
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git-interpret-trailers.html
50.23
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git-log.html
169.99
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git-ls-files.html
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git-ls-remote.html
35.17
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git-ls-tree.html
37.84
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git-mailinfo.html
35.02
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git-mailsplit.html
31.95
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git-maintenance.html
52.57
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git-merge-base.html
40.83
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git-merge-file.html
34.2
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git-merge-index.html
33.18
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git-merge-one-file.html
30.3
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git-merge-tree.html
30.72
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git-merge.html
78.28
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git-mergetool--lib.html
31.87
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git-mergetool.html
50.4
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git-mktag.html
32.6
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git-mktree.html
31.25
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git-multi-pack-index.html
35.81
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git-mv.html
32.81
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git-name-rev.html
34.27
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git-notes.html
49.29
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git-p4.html
67.74
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git-pack-objects.html
53.28
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git-pack-redundant.html
31.61
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git-pack-refs.html
32.54
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git-patch-id.html
32.58
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git-prune-packed.html
31.36
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git-prune.html
33.06
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git-pull.html
85.03
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git-push.html
76.99
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git-quiltimport.html
32.19
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git-range-diff.html
43.82
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git-read-tree.html
50.85
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git-rebase.html
103.48
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git-receive-pack.html
42.71
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git-reflog.html
36.09
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git-remote-ext.html
35.34
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git-remote-fd.html
32.28
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git-remote-helpers.html
29.82
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git-remote.html
42.5
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git-repack.html
41.93
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git-replace.html
37.28
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git-request-pull.html
33.02
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git-rerere.html
39.71
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git-reset.html
56.54
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git-restore.html
39.97
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git-rev-list.html
118.22
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git-rev-parse.html
72.3
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git-revert.html
37.42
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git-rm.html
39.86
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git-send-email.html
57.84
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git-send-pack.html
36.87
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git-sh-i18n--envsubst.html
31.05
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git-sh-i18n.html
31.39
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git-sh-setup.html
33.75
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git-shell.html
34.17
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git-shortlog.html
71.45
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git-show-branch.html
38.33
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git-show-index.html
32.2
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git-show-ref.html
37.47
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git-show.html
112.74
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git-sparse-checkout.html
54.09
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git-stage.html
30.24
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git-stash.html
48.68
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git-status.html
53.31
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git-stripspace.html
32.76
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git-submodule.html
55.69
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git-subtree.html
47.96
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git-svn.html
89.33
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git-switch.html
41.98
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git-symbolic-ref.html
32.69
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git-tag.html
49.74
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git-tools.html
30.05
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git-unpack-file.html
30.51
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git-unpack-objects.html
31.57
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git-update-index.html
60.6
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git-update-ref.html
38.35
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git-update-server-info.html
30.84
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git-upload-archive.html
32.58
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git-upload-pack.html
32.47
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git-var.html
32.49
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git-verify-commit.html
30.76
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git-verify-pack.html
31.71
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git-verify-tag.html
30.75
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git-version.html
30.66
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git-web--browse.html
35.06
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git-whatchanged.html
31.39
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git-worktree.html
56.98
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git-write-tree.html
31.25
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git.html
106.92
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gitattributes.html
92.19
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gitcli.html
42
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gitcore-tutorial.html
111
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gitcredentials.html
43.44
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gitcvs-migration.html
39.85
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gitdiffcore.html
46.2
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giteveryday.html
50.37
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gitfaq.html
56.09
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gitglossary.html
67.99
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githooks.html
65.99
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gitignore.html
40.59
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gitk.html
40.38
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gitmailmap.html
35.57
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gitmodules.html
36.43
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gitnamespaces.html
34.91
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gitremote-helpers.html
58.26
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gitrepository-layout.html
50.05
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gitrevisions.html
51.97
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gitsubmodules.html
44.09
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gittutorial-2.html
46.96
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gittutorial.html
57.55
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gitweb.conf.html
80.7
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gitweb.html
63.57
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gitworkflows.html
52.47
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howto-index.html
35.7
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index.html
106.92
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user-manual.html
261.1
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.hide-for-print{display:none!important} .show-for-print{display:inherit!important}} @media amzn-kf8,print{#header>h1:first-child{margin-top:1.25rem} .sect1{padding:0!important} .sect1+.sect1{border:0} #footer{background:none} #footer-text{color:rgba(0,0,0,.6);font-size:.9em}} @media amzn-kf8{#header,#content,#footnotes,#footer{padding:0}} </style> </head> <body class="manpage"> <div id="header"> <h1>gitcredentials(7) Manual Page</h1> <h2 id="_name">NAME</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <p>gitcredentials - Providing usernames and passwords to Git</p> </div> </div> <div id="content"> <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre>git config credential.https://example.com.username myusername git config credential.helper "$helper $options"</pre> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="paragraph"> <p>Git will sometimes need credentials from the user in order to perform operations; for example, it may need to ask for a username and password in order to access a remote repository over HTTP. This manual describes the mechanisms Git uses to request these credentials, as well as some features to avoid inputting these credentials repeatedly.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_requesting_credentials">REQUESTING CREDENTIALS</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="paragraph"> <p>Without any credential helpers defined, Git will try the following strategies to ask the user for usernames and passwords:</p> </div> <div class="olist arabic"> <ol class="arabic"> <li> <p>If the <code>GIT_ASKPASS</code> environment variable is set, the program specified by the variable is invoked. A suitable prompt is provided to the program on the command line, and the user’s input is read from its standard output.</p> </li> <li> <p>Otherwise, if the <code>core.askPass</code> configuration variable is set, its value is used as above.</p> </li> <li> <p>Otherwise, if the <code>SSH_ASKPASS</code> environment variable is set, its value is used as above.</p> </li> <li> <p>Otherwise, the user is prompted on the terminal.</p> </li> </ol> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_avoiding_repetition">AVOIDING REPETITION</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="paragraph"> <p>It can be cumbersome to input the same credentials over and over. Git provides two methods to reduce this annoyance:</p> </div> <div class="olist arabic"> <ol class="arabic"> <li> <p>Static configuration of usernames for a given authentication context.</p> </li> <li> <p>Credential helpers to cache or store passwords, or to interact with a system password wallet or keychain.</p> </li> </ol> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>The first is simple and appropriate if you do not have secure storage available for a password. It is generally configured by adding this to your config:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre>[credential "https://example.com"] username = me</pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>Credential helpers, on the other hand, are external programs from which Git can request both usernames and passwords; they typically interface with secure storage provided by the OS or other programs.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>To use a helper, you must first select one to use. Git currently includes the following helpers:</p> </div> <div class="dlist"> <dl> <dt class="hdlist1">cache</dt> <dd> <p>Cache credentials in memory for a short period of time. See <a href="git-credential-cache.html">git-credential-cache(1)</a> for details.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">store</dt> <dd> <p>Store credentials indefinitely on disk. See <a href="git-credential-store.html">git-credential-store(1)</a> for details.</p> </dd> </dl> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>You may also have third-party helpers installed; search for <code>credential-*</code> in the output of <code>git help -a</code>, and consult the documentation of individual helpers. Once you have selected a helper, you can tell Git to use it by putting its name into the credential.helper variable.</p> </div> <div class="olist arabic"> <ol class="arabic"> <li> <p>Find a helper.</p> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre>$ git help -a | grep credential- credential-foo</pre> </div> </div> </li> <li> <p>Read its description.</p> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre>$ git help credential-foo</pre> </div> </div> </li> <li> <p>Tell Git to use it.</p> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre>$ git config --global credential.helper foo</pre> </div> </div> </li> </ol> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_credential_contexts">CREDENTIAL CONTEXTS</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="paragraph"> <p>Git considers each credential to have a context defined by a URL. This context is used to look up context-specific configuration, and is passed to any helpers, which may use it as an index into secure storage.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>For instance, imagine we are accessing <code>https://example.com/foo.git</code>. When Git looks into a config file to see if a section matches this context, it will consider the two a match if the context is a more-specific subset of the pattern in the config file. For example, if you have this in your config file:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre>[credential "https://example.com"] username = foo</pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>then we will match: both protocols are the same, both hosts are the same, and the "pattern" URL does not care about the path component at all. However, this context would not match:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre>[credential "https://kernel.org"] username = foo</pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>because the hostnames differ. Nor would it match <code>foo.example.com</code>; Git compares hostnames exactly, without considering whether two hosts are part of the same domain. Likewise, a config entry for <code>http://example.com</code> would not match: Git compares the protocols exactly. However, you may use wildcards in the domain name and other pattern matching techniques as with the <code>http.<URL>.*</code> options.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>If the "pattern" URL does include a path component, then this too must match exactly: the context <code>https://example.com/bar/baz.git</code> will match a config entry for <code>https://example.com/bar/baz.git</code> (in addition to matching the config entry for <code>https://example.com</code>) but will not match a config entry for <code>https://example.com/bar</code>.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_configuration_options">CONFIGURATION OPTIONS</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="paragraph"> <p>Options for a credential context can be configured either in <code>credential.*</code> (which applies to all credentials), or <code>credential.<URL>.*</code>, where <URL> matches the context as described above.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>The following options are available in either location:</p> </div> <div class="dlist"> <dl> <dt class="hdlist1">helper</dt> <dd> <p>The name of an external credential helper, and any associated options. If the helper name is not an absolute path, then the string <code>git credential-</code> is prepended. The resulting string is executed by the shell (so, for example, setting this to <code>foo --option=bar</code> will execute <code>git credential-foo --option=bar</code> via the shell. See the manual of specific helpers for examples of their use.</p> <div class="paragraph"> <p>If there are multiple instances of the <code>credential.helper</code> configuration variable, each helper will be tried in turn, and may provide a username, password, or nothing. Once Git has acquired both a username and a password, no more helpers will be tried.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>If <code>credential.helper</code> is configured to the empty string, this resets the helper list to empty (so you may override a helper set by a lower-priority config file by configuring the empty-string helper, followed by whatever set of helpers you would like).</p> </div> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">username</dt> <dd> <p>A default username, if one is not provided in the URL.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1">useHttpPath</dt> <dd> <p>By default, Git does not consider the "path" component of an http URL to be worth matching via external helpers. This means that a credential stored for <code>https://example.com/foo.git</code> will also be used for <code>https://example.com/bar.git</code>. If you do want to distinguish these cases, set this option to <code>true</code>.</p> </dd> </dl> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_custom_helpers">CUSTOM HELPERS</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="paragraph"> <p>You can write your own custom helpers to interface with any system in which you keep credentials.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>Credential helpers are programs executed by Git to fetch or save credentials from and to long-term storage (where "long-term" is simply longer than a single Git process; e.g., credentials may be stored in-memory for a few minutes, or indefinitely on disk).</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>Each helper is specified by a single string in the configuration variable <code>credential.helper</code> (and others, see <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>). The string is transformed by Git into a command to be executed using these rules:</p> </div> <div class="olist arabic"> <ol class="arabic"> <li> <p>If the helper string begins with "!", it is considered a shell snippet, and everything after the "!" becomes the command.</p> </li> <li> <p>Otherwise, if the helper string begins with an absolute path, the verbatim helper string becomes the command.</p> </li> <li> <p>Otherwise, the string "git credential-" is prepended to the helper string, and the result becomes the command.</p> </li> </ol> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>The resulting command then has an "operation" argument appended to it (see below for details), and the result is executed by the shell.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>Here are some example specifications:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre># run "git credential-foo" [credential] helper = foo # same as above, but pass an argument to the helper [credential] helper = "foo --bar=baz" # the arguments are parsed by the shell, so use shell # quoting if necessary [credential] helper = "foo --bar='whitespace arg'" # you can also use an absolute path, which will not use the git wrapper [credential] helper = "/path/to/my/helper --with-arguments" # or you can specify your own shell snippet [credential "https://example.com"] username = your_user helper = "!f() { test \"$1\" = get && echo \"password=$(cat $HOME/.secret)\"; }; f"</pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>Generally speaking, rule (3) above is the simplest for users to specify. Authors of credential helpers should make an effort to assist their users by naming their program "git-credential-$NAME", and putting it in the <code>$PATH</code> or <code>$GIT_EXEC_PATH</code> during installation, which will allow a user to enable it with <code>git config credential.helper $NAME</code>.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>When a helper is executed, it will have one "operation" argument appended to its command line, which is one of:</p> </div> <div class="dlist"> <dl> <dt class="hdlist1"><code>get</code></dt> <dd> <p>Return a matching credential, if any exists.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"><code>store</code></dt> <dd> <p>Store the credential, if applicable to the helper.</p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"><code>erase</code></dt> <dd> <p>Remove a matching credential, if any, from the helper’s storage.</p> </dd> </dl> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>The details of the credential will be provided on the helper’s stdin stream. The exact format is the same as the input/output format of the <code>git credential</code> plumbing command (see the section <code>INPUT/OUTPUT FORMAT</code> in <a href="git-credential.html">git-credential(1)</a> for a detailed specification).</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>For a <code>get</code> operation, the helper should produce a list of attributes on stdout in the same format (see <a href="git-credential.html">git-credential(1)</a> for common attributes). A helper is free to produce a subset, or even no values at all if it has nothing useful to provide. Any provided attributes will overwrite those already known about by Git’s credential subsystem.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>While it is possible to override all attributes, well behaving helpers should refrain from doing so for any attribute other than username and password.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>If a helper outputs a <code>quit</code> attribute with a value of <code>true</code> or <code>1</code>, no further helpers will be consulted, nor will the user be prompted (if no credential has been provided, the operation will then fail).</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>Similarly, no more helpers will be consulted once both username and password had been provided.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>For a <code>store</code> or <code>erase</code> operation, the helper’s output is ignored.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>If a helper fails to perform the requested operation or needs to notify the user of a potential issue, it may write to stderr.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>If it does not support the requested operation (e.g., a read-only store), it should silently ignore the request.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>If a helper receives any other operation, it should silently ignore the request. This leaves room for future operations to be added (older helpers will just ignore the new requests).</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_git">GIT</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="paragraph"> <p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(1)</a> suite</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> Last updated 2022-08-30 21:40:02 UTC </div> </div> </body> </html>
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